Brute Force Attack Tool

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by gauplanevof1980 2021. 9. 22. 17:15

Brute force (exhaustive search) is usually used in hacker attack context, when an intruder tries to pick up a login/password to some account or service. Let’s examine possible tools for brute-force attacks, that are included in Kali Linux: Hydra 8.6, Medusa 2.2, Patator 0.7 and Metasploit Framework 4.17.17-dev. That Was Easy: New Tool For Web Form Password Brute Force Attacks Passwords suck. We all know it, but unless you can afford to provide multifactor authentication to all of your users and business.

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Important

The improved Microsoft 365 Defender portal is now available. This new experience brings Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Office 365, Microsoft 365 Defender, and more into the Microsoft 365 security center. Learn what's new.

Applies toMicrosoft Defender for Office 365 plan 2

If your organization has Microsoft Defender for Office 365 Plan 2, which includes Threat Investigation and Response capabilities, you can use Attack Simulator in the Security & Compliance Center to run realistic attack scenarios in your organization. These simulated attacks can help you identify and find vulnerable users before a real attack impacts your bottom line. Read this article to learn more.

Note

Attack Simulator as described in this article is now read-only and has been replaced by Attack simulation training in the Email & collaboration node in the Microsoft 365 Defender portal at https://security.microsoft.com. For more information, see Get started using Attack simulation training.

The ability to launch new simulations from this version of Attack Simulator has been disabled. However, you can still access reports until April 24, 2021.

What do you need to know before you begin?

To open the Security & Compliance Center, go to https://protection.office.com/. Attack simulator is available at Threat management > Attack simulator. To go directly to attack simulator, open https://protection.office.com/attacksimulator.
For more information about the availability of Attack Simulator across different Microsoft 365 subscriptions, see Microsoft Defender for Office 365 service description.
You need to be a member of the Organization Management or Security Administrator role groups. For more information about role groups in the Security & Compliance Center, see Permissions in the Security & Compliance Center.
Your account needs to be configured for multi-factor authentication (MFA) to create and manage campaigns in Attack Simulator. For instructions, see Set up multi-factor authentication.
Attack Simulator only works on cloud-based mailboxes.
Phishing campaigns will collect and process events for 30 days. Historical campaign data will be available for up to 90 days after you launch the campaign.
Attack simulation and training related data is stored with other customer data for Microsoft 365 services. For more information see Microsoft 365 data locations.
There are no corresponding PowerShell cmdlets for Attack Simulator.

Spear phishing campaigns

Phishing is a generic term for email attacks that try to steal sensitive information in messages that appear to be from legitimate or trusted senders. Spear phishing is a targeted phishing attack that uses focused and customized content that's specifically tailored to the targeted recipients (typically, after reconnaissance on the recipients by the attacker).

In Attack Simulator, two different types of spear phishing campaigns are available:

Spear phishing (credentials harvest): The attack tries to convince the recipients to click a URL in the message. If they click the link, they're asked to enter their credentials. If they do, they're taken to one of the following locations:
- A default page that explains that this was a just a test, and gives tips for recognizing phishing messages.
- A custom page (URL) that you specify.
Spear phishing (attachment): The attack tries to convince the recipients to open a .docx or .pdf attachment in the message. The attachment contains the same content from the default phishing link, but the first sentence starts with '<Display Name>, you are seeing this message as a recent email message you opened...'.

Note

Currently, spear phishing campaigns in Attack Simulator don't expire.

Create a spear phishing campaign

An important part of any spear phishing campaign is the look and feel of the email message that's sent to the targeted recipients. To create and configure the email message, you have these options:

Use a built-in email template: Two built-in templates are available: Prize Giveaway and Payroll Update. You can further customize some, all, or none of the email properties from the template when you create and launch the campaign.
Create a reusable email template: After you create and save the email template, you can use it again in future spear phishing campaigns. You can further customize some, all, or none of the email properties from the template when you create and launch the campaign.
Create the email message in the wizard: You can create the email message directly in the wizard as you create and launch the spear phishing campaign.

Step 1 (Optional): Create a custom email template

If you're going to use one of the built-in templates or create the email message directly in the wizard, you can skip this step.

In the Security & Compliance Center, go to Threat management > Attack simulator.
On the Simulate attacks page, in either the Spear Phishing (Credentials Harvest) or Spear Phishing (Attachment) sections, click Attack Details.
It doesn't matter where you create the template. The available options in the template are the same for both types of phishing attacks.
In the Attack details page that opens, in the Phishing Templates section, in the Create Templates area, click New Template.
The Configure Phishing Template wizard starts in a new flyout. In the Start step, enter a unique display name for the template, and then click Next.
In the Configure email details step, configure the following settings:
- From (Name): The display name that's used for the message sender.
- From (Email): The sender's email address.
- Phishing Login Server URL: Click the drop down and select one of the available URLs from the list. This is the URL that users will be tempted to click. The choices are:
  Note
  A URL reputation service might identify one or more of these URLs as unsafe. Check the availability of the URL in your supported web browsers before you use the URL in a phishing campaign.
- Custom Landing Page URL: Enter an optional landing page where users are taken if they click the phishing link and enter their credentials. This link replaces the default landing page. For example, if you have internal awareness training, you can specify that URL here.
- Category: Currently, this setting isn't used (anything you enter is ignored).
- Subject: The Subject field of the email message.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Compose email step, create the message body of the email message. You can use the Email tab (a rich HTML editor) or the Source tab (raw HTML code).
The HTML formatting can be as simple or complex as you need it to be. You can insert images and text to enhance the believability of the message in the recipient's email client.
- ${username} inserts the recipient's name.
- ${loginserverurl} inserts the Phishing Login Server URL value from the previous step.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Confirm step, click Finish.

Step 2: Create and launch the spear phishing campaign

In the Security & Compliance Center, go to Threat management > Attack simulator.
On the Simulate attacks page, make one of the following selections based on the type of campaign you want to create:
- In the Spear Phishing (Credentials Harvest) section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.
- In the Spear Phishing (Attachment) section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.
The Configure Phishing Attack wizard starts in a new flyout. In the Start step, do one of the following steps:
- In the Name box, enter a unique display name for the campaign. Don't click Use Template, because you'll create the email message later in the wizard.
- Click Use Template and select a built-in or custom email template. After you select the template, the Name box is automatically filled based on the template, but you can change the name.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Target recipients step, do one of the following steps:
- Click Address Book to select the recipients (users or groups) for the campaign. Each targeted recipient must have an Exchange Online mailbox. If you click Filter and Apply without entering a search criteria, all recipients are returned and added to the campaign.
- Click Import then File Import to import a comma-separated value (CSV) or line-separated file of email addresses. Each line must contain the recipient's email address.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Configure email details step, configure the following settings:
If you selected a template in the Start step, most of these values are already configured, but you can change them.
- From (Name): The display name that's used for the message sender.
- From (Email): The sender's email address. You can enter a real or fake email address from your organization's email domain, or you can enter a real or fake external email address. A valid sender email address from your organization will actually resolve in the recipient's email client.
- Phishing Login Server URL: Click the drop down and select one of the available URLs from the list. This is the URL that users will be tempted to click. The choices are:
  Note
  - All of the URLs are intentionally http, not https.
  - A URL reputation service might identify one or more of these URLs as unsafe. Check the availability of the URL in your supported web browsers before you use the URL in a phishing campaign.
  - You are required to select a URL. For Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns, you can remove the link from the body of the message in the next step (otherwise, the message will contain both a link and an attachment).
- Attachment Type: This setting is only available in Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns. Click the drop down and select .DOCX or .PDF from the list.
- Attachment Name: This setting is only available in Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns. Enter a filename for the .docx or .pdf attachment.
- Custom Landing Page URL: Enter an optional landing page where users are taken if they click the phishing link and enter their credentials. This link replaces the default landing page. For example, if you have internal awareness training, you can specify that URL here.
- Subject: The Subject field of the email message.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Compose email step, create the message body of the email message. If you selected a template in the Start step, the message body is already configured, but you can customize it. You can use the Email tab (a rich HTML editor) or the Source tab (raw HTML code).
The HTML formatting can be as simple or complex as you need it to be. You can insert images and text to enhance the believability of the message in the recipient's email client.
- ${username} inserts the recipient's name.
- ${loginserverurl} inserts the Phishing Login Server URL value.
For Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns, you should remove the link from the body of the message (otherwise, the message will contain both a link and an attachment, and link clicks aren't tracked in an attachment campaign).
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Confirm step, click Finish to launch the campaign. The phishing message is delivered to the targeted recipients.

Password attack campaigns

A password attack tries to guess passwords for user accounts in an organization, typically after the attacker has identified one or more valid user accounts.

In Attack Simulator, two different types of password attack campaigns are available for you to test the complexity of your users' passwords:

Brute force password (dictionary attack): A brute force or dictionary attack uses a large dictionary file of passwords on a user account with the hope that one of them will work (many passwords against one account). Incorrect password lock-outs help deter brute force password attacks.
For the dictionary attack, you can specify one or many passwords to try (manually entered or in an uploaded file), and you can specify one or many users.
Password spray attack: A password spray attack uses the same carefully considered password against a list of user accounts (one password against many accounts). Password spray attacks are harder to detect than brute force password attacks (the probability of success increases when an attacker tries one password across dozens or hundreds of accounts without the risk of tripping the user's incorrect password lock-out).
For the password spray attack, you can only specify one password to try, and you can specify one or many users.

Note

Windows Local Admin Brute Force Attack Tool (LocalBrute.ps1 ...

The password attacks in Attack Simulator pass username and password Basic auth requests to an endpoint, so they also work with other authentication methods (AD FS, password hash sync, pass-through, PingFederate, etc.). For users that have MFA enabled, even if the password attack tries their actual password, the attempt will always register as a failure (in other words, MFA users will never appear in the Successful attempts count of the campaign). This is the expected result. MFA is a primary method to help protect against password attacks.

Create and launch a password attack campaign

In the Security & Compliance Center, go to Threat management > Attack simulator.
On the Simulate attacks page, make one of the following selections based on the type of campaign you want to create:
- In the Brute Force Password (Dictionary Attack) section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.
- in the Password spray attack section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.
The Configure Password Attack wizard starts in a new flyout. In the Start step, enter a unique display name for the campaign, and then click Next.
In the Target users step, do one of the following steps:
- Click Address Book to select the recipients (users or groups) for the campaign. Each targeted recipient must have an Exchange Online mailbox. If you click Filter and Apply without entering a search criteria, all recipients are returned and added to the campaign.
- Click Import then File Import to import a comma-separated value (CSV) or line-separated file of email addresses. Each line must contain the recipient's email address.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Choose attack settings step, choose what to do based on the campaign type:
- Brute Force Password (Dictionary Attack): Do either of the following steps:
  - Enter passwords manually: In the Press enter to add a password box, type a password and then press ENTER. Repeat this step as many times as necessary.
  - Upload passwords from a dictionary file: Click Upload to import an existing text file that contains one password on each line and a blank last line. The text file must be 10 MB or less in size, and can't contain more than 30000 passwords.
- Password spray attack: In The password(s) to use in the attack box, enter one password.
When you're finished, click Next.
In the Confirm step, click Finish to launch the campaign. The passwords you specified are tried on users you specified.

View campaign results

After you launch a campaign, you can check the progress and results on the main Simulate attacks page.

Active campaigns will show a status bar, a completed percentage value and '(completed users) of (total users)' count. Clicking the Refresh button will update the progress of any active campaigns. You can also click Terminate to stop an active campaign.

When the campaign is finished, the status changes to Attack completed. You can view the results of the campaign by doing either of the following actions:

On the main Simulate attacks page, click View Report under the name of the campaign.
On the main Simulate attacks page, click Attack Details in the section for the type of attack. On the Attack details page that opens, select the campaign in the Attack History section.

Either of the previous actions will take you to a page named Attack details. The information that's available on this page for each type of campaign is described in the following sections.

Spear Phishing (Credentials Harvest) campaign results

The following information is available on the Attack details page for each campaign:

The duration (start date/time and end date/time) of the campaign.
Total users targeted
Successful attempts: The number of users who clicked the link and entered their credentials (any username and password value).
Overall Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by Successful attempts / Total users targeted.
Fastest Click: How long it took the first user to click the link after you launched the campaign.
Average Click: The sum of how long it took everyone to click the link divided by the number of users who clicked the link.
Click Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by (number of users who clicked the link) / Total users targeted.
Fastest Credentials: How long it took the first user to enter their credentials after you launched the campaign.
Average Credentials: The sum of how long it took everyone to enter their credentials divided by the number of users who entered their credentials.
Credential Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by (number of users who entered their credentials) / Total users targeted.
A bar graph that shows the Link clicked and Credential supplied numbers per day.
A circle graph that shows the Link clicked, Credential supplied, and None percentages for the campaign.
The Compromised Users section lists the details of the users who clicked the link:
- The user's email address
- The date/time when they clicked the link.
- The client IP address.
- Details about the user's version of Windows and web browser.
You can click Export to export the results to a CSV file.